True conversion inevitably brings about great changes. Chiefly it brings into existence a new relationship to God which will last for ever. It also changes every relationship in life, introducing us to the new family of God’s people. When the convert is a slave like Onesimus, there are many questions to be answered. We consider Philemon 15-21 Brothers in the Lord.
1. Divine providence
Paul begins to focus on the case of Onesimus, one of the bearers of this letter and the one to the Colossians (Colossians 4:9). Our knowledge of him comes entirely from this letter and is fragmented. It seems he had absconded from Philemon’s household and, having met Pual in Rome, he came to faith as a result of Paul’s ministry (v10). Paul interprets these events in the context of divine providence – he is in no doubt that this is the Lord’s doing in pursuit of his purpose. Note ‘he was separated from you’ (v15) – though in one sense Onesimus separated himself when he ran away, God’s hand was moving events, working out his sovereign purpose. Through the freely-made decisions of people, the Lord fulfils his sovereign plan precisely. Nothing is really ‘accidental’. Paul is fairly sure he can discern what the Lord is doing – ‘that you might have him back for good’ (v15). The Bible teaches that the providence of God governs all things – Romans 8:28. That is a great comfort to us. In particular, every conversion is a demonstration of providence. Though we may not discern his goals, we can praise him.
2. Heartfelt appeal
Paul has laid the spiritual foundations for the request he will make of Philemon. By grace Onesimus is ‘better than a slave…a dear brother’ (v16). He could take Philemon’s place helping Paul (v13). Here is a new relationship (v16). How could Philemon refuse any request Paul now makes? Paul puts on more ‘pressure’ – ‘if you consider me a partner’ (v17), a partner in gospel work. Only now does he make the request: ‘welcome him as you would welcome me’ (v18) – the practical outworking of the bonds of love binding them all. Paul continues putting his case in v18. If Onesimus has stolen anything, Paul will make it good. Then his master stroke: ‘not to mention that you owe me your very self’ (v19). It seems that Philemon had been converted through Paul’s ministry. Given the debt that he owes to Paul (under God), how could he refuse to receive and forgive Onesimus? We see here a deep spiritual bond resulting in very practical loving action.
3. Spiritual refreshment
Paul regards the action he expects Philemon to take as a source of blessing. ‘I do wish, brother, that I may have some benefit from you in the Lord’ (v20). All involved will be blessed. ‘Benefit’ is a pun on the name ‘Onesimus’. Note ‘in the Lord’ – it is his grace that enables a response. Paul exhorts Philemon ‘refresh my heart in Christ’ (v20) – such action would be characteristic of Philemon, who has ‘refreshed the hearts of the saints’ (v7). Paul is confident of Philemon’s obedience – a hint of apostolic authority. Above all he knows that a man like Philemon will give gospel-obedience. Others should be able to expect the same of us. Does ‘do even more’ suggest that Paul hopes or expects that Philemon will free Onesimus? That is certainly possible, but by no means inevitable.